Journal of Disability and Oral Health
- Cover Date:
- September 2010
- Vol:
- 11
- Issue:
- 3
Oral Abstracts
Oral Abstracts
SESSION 1: NUTRITION/TEACHING 101 Relationship between area of occlusal contact and orofacial dysfunction in children Pichot H, Nicolas E, Hennequin M University of Auvergne, EA 3847, Dental Faculty, ClermontFerrand, France and CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Introduction: Development of mature masticatory function depends upon a child’s ability to integrate sensorimotor signals from the teeth and to respond to the texture and viscoelastic properties of new foods. In adults, masticatory efficiency partly depends on area of occlusal contact. In children it is not known if lack of occlusal dental contact is compensated for spontaneously, or if oral function is affected. Aim: To investigate the relationship between area of occlusal contact and orofacial dysfunction in children. Methods: Functional inter-arch dental contacts were recorded by occlusal impression for 10 children (5.1 yr ± 1.1) with early childhood caries (ECC) recently treated under GA and for 10 control children without caries (5.6 yr ± 1.3). In both groups, orofacial dysfunction was estimated (Nordic Orofacial Test, NOT-S) and dysmorphology recorded (IOTN). The mean values of area of functional inter-arch dental contact, NOT-S and IOTN were compared between the ECC and control groups. Results: In the ECC group, a decrease in the area of occlusal contact after rehabilitation was shown. When reduced occlusal contact and dysmorphology were present, oral function was negatively affected. The control group had greater occlusal contact and lower prevalence of oral dysfunction than the ECC group. Conclusion: A relation between area of occlusal contact and oral dysfunction was found, suggesting that oral function of children with ECC is altered even after rehabilitation.
103 Dental-complications of patients with eating disorders Hamura A1, Ohtsu M1, Ichijou T2, Yamaoka M2 1 N i p p o n Dental University Hospital, Clinical Center of Psychosomatic Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; 2Kudanzaka Hospital, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Introduction: Most eating disorder (ED) patients have a high risk of dental complications from eating habits such as hyperphagia and self-induced vomiting However, they do not receive regular dental prophylaxis in Japan. Aim: To clarify the actual situation of dental-complications in the ED patients that can contribute to the prevention of dental problems. Method: Subjects were 100 ED patients with spontaneous vomiting who regularly visited a special clinic for ED. The mean age of subjects was 28.3±5.70 years old and morbidity period was 9.63±6.72. All subjects were female. The dental-complications were evaluated by severity of dental erosion and DMFT. Results: Erosion was observed in all subjects for severity, Bulimia patients had a higher frequency and more severe than Anorexia patients. Lower incisal edges, occlusal surfaces of lower molars and lingual surfaces of the upper dentition were frequently observed with dental erosion. Most subjects had untreated dental caries. DMFT values in ED patients were higher than average compared with same age Japanese, but lower on incisal surfaces. Conclusion: Since all subjects had dental erosion, the dental profession must take preventive measures against repeated acid attack. One of the causes of high DMFT was thought to be because ED patients were scared of dental treatment, because they did not want disclose their condition.
102 Relationship between pre-swallow food entry to the hypopharynx and breathing pattern during eating Matsuo K1, Kawase S1, Wakimoto N1, Iwatani K1, Okada Y1, Masuda Y2, Ogasawara T1 1 Department of Special Care Dentistry, 2Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Biology, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
Introduction: Early entry of the food to the hypopharynx before swallowing may be deleterious since breathing continues during this time. Aim: to examine if breathing pattern would be changed to expiration when the food entered the hypopharynx during eating of two-phase food. Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers were imaged with fiberoptic endoscopy while eating solid food or two-phase food. Respiration was monitored concurrently with plethysmography. The timings of the leading edge of the food reached the base of the epiglottis and swallow initiation were measured in relation to respiration. We also classified the location of the leading edge at swallow initiation. Results: With two-phase, the leading edge of the food was frequently in the hypopharynx at swallow initiation, and was significantly deeper than solid food (p < 0.05). All swallows occurred during expiration with solid and two-phase. In the respiratory cycles with swallowing, the interval of start of expiration to swallow initiation did not differ between two-phase (2.88 ± 2.73 s) and solid food (3.08 ± 2.32 s). Conclusion: Early entry of thin liquid to the hypopharynx during eating of two-phase did not alter the timing of breathing pattern before swallowing. Eating of two-phase food may increase a risk of aspiration in individuals with dysphagia.
104 An audit into the feasibility of a modular diploma in special care dentistry for overseas students – A pilot study in Turkey Reed AD1, Ari T2, Thompson SA1 1 Sedation Suite, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff, United Kingdom; 2Confi-Dent Istanbul, Mecidiyeköy, Istanbul, Turkey
Aims: To explore the potential for developing educational courses such as a modular diploma in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) for overseas students. A pilot study in Turkey had been completed to determine the feasibility of making courses more accessible. Method: A questionnaire was emailed to 100 Dentists in Turkey from general private practice and specialist positions covering six main areas: background qualifications and experience with Special Care Patients (SCP), perception of who are SCP, current provisions in the country, their undergraduate (UG) or postgraduate (PG) education in SCD, perceived benefit for a modular diploma and which teaching and assessment methods may be appropriate. Results: The response rate was 34% (n=34). It was apparent that there was variation in definition of SCPs and lack of knowledge of SCD. The majority of UG and PG education is delivered through Paediatrics. Respondents stated that they had no UG education in either Paediatric (79.4%) or Adult (88.2%) SCPs. However, 91.2% of respondents agreed that a PG qualification in SCD would be beneficial. Primary barriers are cost, lack of local support and lack of recognised qualifications in the host country. Conclusion: Currently, minimal education requirements are being met in SCD in Turkey. The majority (91%) of respondents stated a PG course in SCD would be beneficial to the practice of SCD.
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